Multiple lines of evidence implicate dysregulated microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In vitro human cellular studies represent a promising means of pursuing this hypothesis, complementing efforts with animal models and postmortem human data while addressing their limitations. The challenges in culturing homogeneous populations of cells derived from post-mortem or surgical biopsy brain…

Purpose of review To summarize knowledge on the gut function in relation to enteral nutrition. Recent findings The gut is certainly suffering during critical illness but our understanding of the exact mechanisms involved is limited. Physicians at bedside are lacking tools to identify how well or bad the gut is doing and whether the gut…

Purpose of review The goal of this report is to delineate the correlation between constipation as a manifestation of impaired gastrointestinal transit with adverse clinical outcomes, to identify risk factors, which predispose to this condition, and outline a management scheme for prophylactic treatment. Recent findings Constipation is common in the ICU, affecting upwards of 60–85%…

Publication date: Available online 17 January 2022Source: Cardiovascular Revascularization MedicineAuthor(s): Robert E. Beasley, Jesse Martin

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Published online: 18 January 2022; doi:10.1038/s41430-022-01072-yType 2 congenital generalized lipodystrophy with a heterozygous missense NOTCH2 mutation

And so, and so, the time has comeTo think about a world of things.In a mountain hollow thistle bloomsAlong the meadow looking southFrom Mabry’s empty timber cabin.What is time to what is timeless?Death is the beginning of philosophy.Like thistle, leaning back and silent,Ending a quarrel with the centuries,My mind dissolves in Smokies sunlight.

The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) convened a work group to review the 2021 KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) guideline for the management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This commentary is the product of that work group and presents the recommendations and practice points from the KDIGO guideline in the…

To evaluate the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cerebral disease or cognitive impairment.

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is invariably the common pathway of chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression regardless of the initial injury.1 The severity of tubular atrophy and fibrosis on kidney biopsy are strongly predictive of progression to kidney failure; however, this damage is poorly correlated with either estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or albuminuria.2 The gold standard for…

Myocardial infarction (MI), as the most severe type of coronary artery diseases, poses a serious threat to public health due to its high morbidity and mortality. More than 600,000 people suffer from MI, resulting in 180 000 deaths yearly in China [1,2]. In recent years, the incidence of premature myocardial infarction (PMI) has gradually increased…